The Gir National Park in the western state of Gujarat is the largest compact tract of dry deciduous forests in the semi-arid western part of India and is the last abode of the big and regal predator, Asiatic lion (Panthera Leo Persica). The sanctuary is internationally acclaimed for successfully saving this precious species from the brink of extinction. It was declared as a sanctuary in 1965. Covering over 1,400 square kilometres, the park’s landscape consists of dry deciduous forests, thorny scrub, savannahs, and rocky hills, creating a diverse ecosystem for its rich wildlife.
People mostly link Gir with “Maldharis” who have survived through the ages by having a symbiotic relationship with the lion. They are religious pastoral communities living in Gir. Their settlements are called “nesses”. Unlike the other big cats, lions are tolerant of the presence of human beings and they even live near human settlements. During the last century under British rule, the lion population touched an all-time low of 20 in 1913. The serious conservation efforts by the then Nawab of Junagadh saved the species from the brink of extinction. The subsequent efforts by the Forest Department have successfully brought the population to the current population of 550 plus individuals.
Leopards are the second largest predator here, second only to the Asiatic lion, and the park is one of the best places to see them. Other carnivores include jungle & rusty-spotted cats, golden jackals, striped hyenas, besides common and ruddy mongoose. The herbivores include sambar, chital, nilgai, chowsingha, chinkara and wild boar. The Kamleshwar dam in the middle of the sanctuary is home to a record number of marsh crocodiles.
Some of the more interesting birds found here are the Indian jungle nightjar, mottled wood owl, rock bush quail, sirkeer malkoha, white-bellied minivet, painted sandgrouse, black ibis, rufous-fronted prinia, tickell’s blue and the gorgeous Asian paradise flycatcher, which is a summer visitor. Raptors commonly seen here are the crested hawk eagle, crested serpent eagle, shikra, oriental honey buzzard and the critically endangered white-rumped and long-billed vulture.
Safaris at Gir National Park
Regular Jeep Safaris: Visitors can explore Gir through guided jeep safaris, which offer a unique chance to observe the majestic Asiatic lions in their natural habitat. Regular Jeep Safaris are conducted twice daily- morning and evening. The morning safari starts around 6 AM ( changes with season depending on sunrise) and lasts for up to 3.00- 3.30 hours. The duration of the evening safari is 3.00- 3.30 hours again depending on sunset.
